The 34-year-old revealed the news via his official Twitter account on Friday in a tweet that read: "We lived some amazing moments together - Wishing the team all the best for the future #CZE".
The Czech Republic were eliminated from this summer's European Championships by Turkey after finishing bottom of Group D with one point, which they secured in their 2-2 draw with Croatia.
Cech admitted after the team's final group stage game with Turkey, which they lost 2-0, he was thinking about retiring from the international scene.
Euro 2016: Day 12 In Pictures
"I will take a time to decide if I continue in national team (or retire)," he said in June.
And the Arsenal shot-stopper has indeed now decided to call time on his international career, with the goalkeeper bowing out with 121 Czech Republic caps.
Cech will now return to his club Arsenal as the Gunners begin their pre-season preparations next week.
Arsene Wenger's side will take on Lens in France, an MLS All-Star side in the US in late July before facing Chivas de Guadalajara in LA and then returning to Europe for two more pre-season games against Viking FK and Manchester City.
