Siberia's heatwave 'effectively impossible' without climate change, scientists find

A member of The Aerial Forest Protection Service helps to put out a forest fire in Krasnoyarsk region, Russia
via REUTERS

Siberia's heatwave would have been "effectively impossible" without climate change caused by humans, scientists have found.

The region has been experiencing unusually hot conditions for the last six months.

Meanwhile June saw a new reported record high Arctic temperature of 38C at Verkhoyansk, Russia.

A rapid analysis of the conditions found the prolonged heat over the region since January was made at least 600 times more likely to occur because of human activity driving global warming.

Russian Emergency Ministry shows firefighters fighting to extinguish forest fires near the village of Batagay, Sakha Republic in Yakutia
RUSSIAN EMERGENCY MINISTRY/AFP v

It is the strongest result of any study by the World Weather Attribution initiative in attributing extreme events to climate change, the team behind the analysis said.

Siberia's heatwave, with temperatures 5C warmer than average in the past six months, has caused widespread wildfires, pumping millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which will further drive warming.

Russia's meteorological service said the thermometer hit 38 Celsius (100.4 F) on Saturday in Verkhoyansk, in the Sakha Republic
AP

It is also melting permafrost - permanently frozen ground - which caused the collapse of a fuel tank and huge oil spill in May, and causing an outbreak of the pest Siberian silk moth.

The high temperatures in the Arctic are helping drive 2020 to being one of the hottest years on record.

The team of scientists from around the world, including from the Met Office and Oxford University, applied methods previously used to analyse the impact of human-caused climate change on other extreme events, including storms and heatwaves in the UK, to assess its role in the Siberian heat.

Children play in the Krugloe lake outside Verkhoyansk. A Siberian town that endures the world's widest temperature range has recorded a new high amid a hear wave that is contributing to severe forest fires.
AP

They ran computer simulations to compare today's world with 1C of global warming to the climate, as it would have been without human activity putting greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere that warm the world.

They examined average temperatures through the six months from January to June over a large region spanning most of Siberia, and also looked at daily maximum temperatures in June in the town of Verkhoyansk.

A photo by ECMWF Copernicus Climate Change Service shows the land surface temperature in the Siberia region of Russia.
AP

Even with climate change, such a period of heat - influenced by a strong jet stream in the winter creating warm conditions and causing melting snow and ice which further pushed up temperatures as dark soils absorbed warmth - would be very unlikely, occurring once every 130 years.

But without humans causing global warming, it would be almost impossible, taking place just once in 80,000 years.

Wild fires in Siberia this year
Maxar Technologies via REUTERS

The researchers also found the six-month hot spell is 2C warmer than it would have been in 1900, before climate change took hold.

Lead author Andrew Ciavarella, from the Met Office, said: "Heatwaves and high temperatures occur naturally and human influence has a hand in changing the odds of just how warm they will be when they come along, and also how frequently they come along.

"We found the regional temperatures experienced over the six months to June 2020 have been made at least 600 times more likely to occur as a result of human-induced climate change and would have been effectively impossible without human influences."

In January, Russia's emergency services rescued 536 ice fishermen after they got stranded on a giant ice floe that tore off the island of Sakhalin in eastern Siberia
AP

He said the probability of the mercury hitting the record 38C in Verkhoyansk, has also "likely increased dramatically" because of global warming, though the researchers are less confident of those results.

The study also found temperatures could increase by 0.5C to 5C for the region for the first six months of the year by 2050, compared with today.

Dr Friederike Otto, acting director of Oxford's Environmental Change Institute, and co-lead of the World Weather Attribution initiative, said: "This study shows again just how much of a game changer climate change is with respect to heatwaves.

"Given that heatwaves are by far the deadliest extreme weather events in most parts of the world they must be taken very seriously."

The analysis has not been peer reviewed, but uses scientific methods which have been previously published.

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