Ancient cave marks birthplace of Jesus
The Basilica of the Nativity is built above a cave where Christians believe Jesus was born. It is situated on Manger Square in the south-eastern part of the Palestinian city of Bethlehem, eight kilometres south of Jerusalem.
The church was originally built in the middle of the third century. It was later destroyed and rebuilt in most of its present shape by the Emperor Justinian in 529 AD, making it one of the oldest churches in existence.
The Basilica is an imposing structure. It looks more like a fortress than a church. Its low and narrow entrances protected it from invasion.
By descending one of the stairways on either side of the altar, one is able to enter the Grotto of the Nativity. A silver star is embedded in the white marble floor, with the Latin inscription "Here Jesus Christ was born to the Virgin Mary".
Most of the Basilica is as it was at the time of construction. However, fragments of 12thcentury Byzantine mosaics can still be seen on the upper walls of the nave, and the roof dates from the 14th century.
During the period when the Crusaders controlled the Jerusalem area (1099-1187), the Basilica was used for royal investiture ceremonies.
Because of is age and fame, the Basilica of the Nativity has been the site of constant pilgrimage and is now under the control of the Palestinian Ministry of Tourism & Antiquities.
As a mark of respect, visitors are required to dress conservatively.
